Electrical Machines
A dc shunt generator, when driven without any excitation, showed an open circuit voltage of 12 V. When the field winding was excited, the voltage dropped to zero. It happened because

 there was a break in the armature circuit
 field winding was wrongly connected
 field resistance was higher than critical resistance
 there was no residual magnetism in the field circuit

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Electrical Machines
Two 3-phase AC generators are such that one has twice the linear dimensions of the other. The field windings of each are excited to give identical sinusoidal air-gap flux density waveform. Both have the same number of stator slots and identical winding patterns. The conductor/slot in a big generator is K times that of the smaller one. The value of K to get equal no load voltage at same frequency is

 1/4.
  1/2.
 4.
 8.

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