Mass Transfer
In an operating distillation column, the

Driving force for the vapor flow is the pressure drop, as the pressure decreases gradually from the bottom to the top of the column
Vapors and liquids are at their dew point and bubble point respectively
Highest temperature is encountered at the top of the column
Driving force for the liquid flow is its specific weight

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Mass Transfer
In a counter-current liquid extractor

Liquid's flow rate depends upon the temperature and pressure
Both liquids can have any desired flow rate
Both liquids flow at fixed rate
Only one of the liquids may be pumped at any desired rate

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Mass Transfer
Henry's law states that the

Partial pressure of a component over a solution is proportional to the mole fraction in the vapour
Vapour pressure is equal to the product of the mole fraction and total pressure
Partial pressure of a component over a solution is proportional to its mole fraction in the liquid
Partial pressure is equal to the product of the mole fraction and total pressure

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