Mass Transfer
For water-ethanol system, the minimum reflux ratio

Is computed from the intercept of the operating line
Is the optimum reflux ratio
Is computed from the slope of the upper operating line that is tangent to the equilibrium curve
Cannot be computed

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Mass Transfer
Priming in a distillation column

Is characterised by the presence of foam throughout the space between trays
Is desirable from point efficiency consideration
Results from very low gas velocity
Reduces the overall pressure drop

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