Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The discharge through a wholly drowned orifice is given by (where H1 = Height of water (on the upstream side) above the top of the orifice, H2 = Height of water (on the downstream side) above the bottom of the orifice, and H = Difference between two water levels on either side of the orifice)

Q = Cd × bH2 × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH₁ × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × b (H2 - H1) × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH × √(2gh)

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Which of the following is an incorrect statement ?

Flow nozzle is cheaper than venturimeter but has higher energy loss
Discharge is independent of orientation of venturimeter whether it is horizontal, vertical or inclined
None of these
Coefficient of contraction of a venturimeter is unity

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
A piece of metal of specific gravity 13.6 is placed in mercury of specific gravity 13.6, what fraction of it volume is under mercury?

The metal piece will be immersed in mercury by half
Metal piece will sink to the bottom
The metal piece will simply float over the mercury
Whole of the metal piece will be immersed with its top surface just at mercury level

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