Theory of Machine
For an isochronous Hartnell governor (where r₁ and r₂ = Maximum and minimum radius of rotation of balls respectively, S₁ and S₂ = Maximum and minimum force exerted on the sleeve respectively, and M = Mass on the sleeve)

S₁/S₂ = r₁/r₂
(m.g + S₁)/(m.g + S₂) = r₁/r₂
(m.g - S₁)/(m.g - S₂) = r₂/r₁
S₂/S₁ = r₁/r₂

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Theory of Machine
In gears, interference takes place when

The tip of a tooth of a mating gear digs into the portion between base and root circles
Pitch of the gears is not same
Gears do not move smoothly in the absence of lubrication
Gear teeth are undercut

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