Mass Transfer
For a binary mixture with low relative volatility,

An azeotrope may be formed during distillation
Use steam distillation
Use molecular distillation
Use high pressure distillation

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Mass Transfer
McCabe-Thiele method

Uses weight fractions to express liquid and vapour composition
Is more accurate than Ponchan-Savarit method
Can use any type of units
Uses molal units for material and energy balance

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Mass Transfer
Channelling is most severe

In towers packed with stacked packing
In towers packed randomly with crushed solids
In dumped packing of regular units
At very high liquid flow rate

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Mass Transfer
Unsaturated air (with dry bulb temperature and dew point being 35°C and 18°C respectively) is passed through a water spray chamber maintained at 15°C. The air will be cooled

And humidified
And dehumidified with decrease in wet bulb temperature
At the same relative humidity
And dehumidified with increase in wet bulb temperature

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