Machine Design
Failure of a material is called fatigue when it fails

Below the elastic limit
Below the yield point
At the yield point
At the elastic limit

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Machine Design
A bolt of M 24 × 2 means that

Cross-sectional area of the threads is 24 mm²
The pitch of the thread is 24 mm and depth is 2 mm
The effective diameter of bolt is 24 mm and there are 2 threads per cm
The nominal diameter of bolt is 24 mm and pitch is 2 mm

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Machine Design
The cracks in helical springs used in railway carriages usually start on the inner side of the coil because of the fact that

It is subjected to a higher stress than the outer side
It is more stretched than the outer side during the manufacturing process
It has a lower curvature than the outer side
It is subjected to a higher cyclic loading than the outer side

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