Machine Design
For circumferential joint in boilers, the type of joint used is

Any one of the above
Butt joint with double cover plate
Lap joint with one ring overlapping the other
Butt joint with single cover plate

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Machine Design
According to Rankine's theory, the failure occurs at a point in a member

When the maximum shear stress in a biaxial stress system reaches the shear stress at elastic limit in a simple tension test
When the maximum principal strain in a biaxial stress system reaches the strain at the elastic limit as determined from a simple tension test
When the maximum principal stress in a biaxial stress system reaches the elastic limit of the material in a simple tension test
When the strain energy per unit volume in a biaxial stress system reaches the strain energy at the elastic limit per unit volume as determined from a simple tension test

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