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Process Equipment and Plant Design

Process Equipment and Plant Design
Factor of safety (i.e., overdesign factor) in heat transfer equipments is about __________ percent more than the actual/theoretical design factor.

35-40
30-35
15-20
43961

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
With increase in the number of shell passes, the value of FT

Remains same
Increases
Decreases
Remains same, only if the number of tube passes does not change

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Pressure drop due to pipe fittings can be estimated by the equation, ΔP/p = 4f.Le/D.V2/2gc, where, Le = equivalent length of straight pipeline which will incur the same frictional loss as the fitting and D = diameter of the fitting. The value of Le/D (dimensionless) for 45° elbow and 180° close return bends would be respectively around

180 and 300
300 and 500
5 and 10
45 and 75

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
The main purpose of providing stepping on the trays is to

Facilitate handling of large flow rate of liquid
Increase the residence time
Decrease the pressure drop
Improve the flow condition

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Le/D for fully open gate valves would be

Much more than that for fully open globe valves
Both B and C
Much less (say 2% than that for fully open globe valves)
Around 7

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Optimum reflux ratio in a continuous distillation column is determined by the

Flooding limit of the column
Maximum permissible vapour velocity
None of these
Total cost consideration (fixed cost of the column plus the cooling water & steam cost)

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