Electrical Machines
The damper windings also called the squirrel cage windings or damper grids

  both (A) and (B).
  consists of short-circuited copper bars embedded in the field pole faces.
  are provided on the stator for improving power factor.
  are provided in a synchronous motor to make it self starting.

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Electrical Machines
In a synchronous motor when the rotor speed exceeds the synchronous speed during hunting

  the damper bars develop induction motor torque.
  the damper bars develop induction generator torque.
  negative sequence currents are generated.
  the damper bars develop synchronous motor torque.

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Electrical Machines
The synchronous motor can be started by

  coupling it with a small AC induction motor called the pony motor.
  providing damper winding in its rotor circuit.
  coupling it with a DC compound motor.
  any of the above methods.

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