Electrical Machines
The damper windings also called the squirrel cage windings or damper grids

  are provided in a synchronous motor to make it self starting.
  both (A) and (B).
  consists of short-circuited copper bars embedded in the field pole faces.
  are provided on the stator for improving power factor.

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Electrical Machines
When the supply terminal of a DC shunt motor are interchanged

 The motor will run much faster in the same direction.
 The motor will stop.
  The motor will run at its normal speed in the same direction as before.
 The direction of rotation will reverse.

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