Electrical Machines
The synchronous motor can be started by

  providing damper winding in its rotor circuit.
  coupling it with a DC compound motor.
  any of the above methods.
  coupling it with a small AC induction motor called the pony motor.

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Electrical Machines
Skewing of the rotor in a 3 - Φ squirrel cage induction motor reduces

  noise, parasitic and starting torque, but increase pull out torque.
  noise, parasitic torque, starting torque and pull out torque.
  noise and parasitic torque, but increase starting and pull-out torque.
  noise and pullout torque, but increase parasitic and starting torque.

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