Electrical Machines
The synchronous motor can be started by

  any of the above methods.
  coupling it with a small AC induction motor called the pony motor.
  coupling it with a DC compound motor.
  providing damper winding in its rotor circuit.

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Electrical Machines
The residual magnetism of a self-excited dc generator is lost. To build up its emf again

 the field winding connection must be reversed
 field winding must be excited by low voltage dc supply
 the field winding must be replaced
 the armature connection must be reversed

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