Electrical Machines
The synchronous motor can be started by

  coupling it with a DC compound motor.
  providing damper winding in its rotor circuit.
  coupling it with a small AC induction motor called the pony motor.
  any of the above methods.

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Electrical Machines
In synchronous generator, inverted V curve is drawn between

 field current on Y-axis and armature current on X-axis
 field current on Y-axis and power factor on X-axis
 field current on X-axis and armature current on Y-axis
 field current on X-axis and power factor on Y-axis

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