Electrical Machines
The synchronous motor can be started by

  any of the above methods.
  coupling it with a small AC induction motor called the pony motor.
  providing damper winding in its rotor circuit.
  coupling it with a DC compound motor.

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Electrical Machines
Compensating windings are used in DC generators

  mainly to reduce the eddy currents by providing local short circuit.
  to neutralize the cross magnetizing effect of the armature reaction.
  to provide path for the circulation of cooling air.
None of these

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