Electrical Machines
DC motors are stopped by opening line switches and not by forcing the handle of the motor starter back to OFF position. This is due to occurance of

 Both of above.
 Heavy sparking at the first stud of starting resistance steps.
 None of these.
 Heavy sparking at brushes.

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Electrical Machines
In a DC generator, the armature reaction results in

 magnetization of leading and demagnetization of trailing pole tip.
  demagnetization of leading & magnetization of trailing pole tip.
 demagnetization of centers of poles.
  magnetization of inter poles.

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