Electrical Machines
DC motors are stopped by opening line switches and not by forcing the handle of the motor starter back to OFF position. This is due to occurance of

 None of these.
 Both of above.
 Heavy sparking at brushes.
 Heavy sparking at the first stud of starting resistance steps.

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Electrical Machines
The damper windings also called the squirrel cage windings or damper grids

  are provided in a synchronous motor to make it self starting.
  both (A) and (B).
  consists of short-circuited copper bars embedded in the field pole faces.
  are provided on the stator for improving power factor.

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