Electrical Machines
DC motors are stopped by opening line switches and not by forcing the handle of the motor starter back to OFF position. This is due to occurance of

 Heavy sparking at brushes.
 Both of above.
 Heavy sparking at the first stud of starting resistance steps.
 None of these.

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Electrical Machines
In a DC machine the armature mmf is

  stationary with respect to armature.
  stationary with respect to field poles.
 rotating with respect to field poles.
  rotating with respect to field poles as well as armature.

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