Electrical Machines
DC motors are stopped by opening line switches and not by forcing the handle of the motor starter back to OFF position. This is due to occurance of

 None of these.
 Heavy sparking at the first stud of starting resistance steps.
 Heavy sparking at brushes.
 Both of above.

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Electrical Machines
Due to magnetic saturation, the flux per pole in a DC machine without brush shift

 decreases in generators and increases in motor with load.
 increases in both the generators and the motors with load.
  decreases in both generators and the motors with load.
 increases in generators but decreases in motor with load.

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