Electrical Machines
DC motors are stopped by opening line switches and not by forcing the handle of the motor starter back to OFF position. This is due to occurance of

 None of these.
 Both of above.
 Heavy sparking at the first stud of starting resistance steps.
 Heavy sparking at brushes.

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Electrical Machines
Flashing the field of DC generator means

  making the magnetic losses forces parallel.
 increasing flux density by adding extra turns of winding.
  neutralising residual magnetism.
  creating residual magnetism by a DC source.

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