Electrical Machines
DC motors are stopped by opening line switches and not by forcing the handle of the motor starter back to OFF position. This is due to occurance of

 Heavy sparking at the first stud of starting resistance steps.
 Heavy sparking at brushes.
 None of these.
 Both of above.

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Electrical Machines
Cogging and crawling are phenomena associated with

 cage induction machines and they are essentially the same.
 any of the above.
 the former during starting and the latter at a fraction of its rated speed.
 the former at a fraction of its rate speed and the latter during starting.

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