Electrical Machines
DC motors are stopped by opening line switches and not by forcing the handle of the motor starter back to OFF position. This is due to occurance of

 Heavy sparking at the first stud of starting resistance steps.
 None of these.
 Heavy sparking at brushes.
 Both of above.

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Electrical Machines
Flashing the field of DC generator means

  making the magnetic losses forces parallel.
  neutralising residual magnetism.
 increasing flux density by adding extra turns of winding.
  creating residual magnetism by a DC source.

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