Electrical Machines
DC motors are stopped by opening line switches and not by forcing the handle of the motor starter back to OFF position. This is due to occurance of

 Heavy sparking at brushes.
 Heavy sparking at the first stud of starting resistance steps.
 Both of above.
 None of these.

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Electrical Machines
When the supply terminal of a DC shunt motor are interchanged

  The motor will run at its normal speed in the same direction as before.
 The motor will run much faster in the same direction.
 The direction of rotation will reverse.
 The motor will stop.

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Electrical Machines
Cogging and crawling are phenomena associated with

 any of the above.
 the former at a fraction of its rate speed and the latter during starting.
 the former during starting and the latter at a fraction of its rated speed.
 cage induction machines and they are essentially the same.

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