Electrical Machines
In shunt dc motor the direction of rotation of the motor will reversed. When

  only field terminals are changed.
  only armature terminals are reversed.
  either field terminals are reversed or armature terminals are reversed.
  none of above.

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Electrical Machines
Compensating windings are used in DC generators

  mainly to reduce the eddy currents by providing local short circuit.
  to provide path for the circulation of cooling air.
None of these
  to neutralize the cross magnetizing effect of the armature reaction.

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