Electrical Machines
The 3 - Φ induction motors are, by a very considerable margin, the most widely used AC motors as

  they have very good speed regulation.
  they are capable of operation under range of leading and lagging pf.
  they have maximum efficiency and maximum starting torque.
  these are cheaper in cost, simple and rugged in construction.

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Electrical Machines
In an alternator, voltage drops occurs in

  armature resistance only.
  armature resistance, leakage reactance, armature reaction and earth connection.
  armature resistance, leakage reactance and armature reaction.
  armature resistance and leakage reactance.

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