Airport Engineering
Effective length of a runway is the distance between

Ends of the clear way on either side
Point of intersection of the obstruction clearance line and the extended plane of the runway surface, and the other end of the runway
Ends of the runway
Point of intersection of the glide path and the extended plane of the runway surface and the other end of the runway

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Airport Engineering
Castor angle is defined as the angle

Formed by the longitudinal axis of the aircraft and the direction of movement of the nose gear
Between the direction of wind and the longitudinal axis of the runway
Between the true speed of the aircraft and the crosswind component
Between the horizontal and the fuselage axis

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