Airport Engineering
Effective length of a runway is the distance between

Point of intersection of the obstruction clearance line and the extended plane of the runway surface, and the other end of the runway
Point of intersection of the glide path and the extended plane of the runway surface and the other end of the runway
Ends of the runway
Ends of the clear way on either side

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Airport Engineering
The capacity of parallel runway pattern depends upon

Lateral spacing between two runways and weather conditions
Lateral spacing between two runways and navigational aids available
Lateral spacing between two runways, weather conditions and navigational aids available.
Weather conditions and navigational aids available

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