Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Coefficient of contraction is the ratio of

Actual velocity of jet at vena contracta to the theoretical velocity
Loss of head in the orifice to the head of water available at the exit of the orifice
Loss of head in the orifice to the head of water available at the exit of the orifice
Area of jet at vena-contracta to the area of orifice

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Surface tension

Acts in the plane of the interface normal to any line in the surface
Is a function of the curvature of the interface
Decreases with fall in temperature
Is also known as capillarity

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