Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The intensity of pressure at any point, in a liquid, is

Directly proportional to the area of the vessel containing liquid
Inversely proportional to the depth of liquid from the surface
Directly proportional to the length of the vessel containing liquid
Directly proportional to the depth of liquid from the surface

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The total head of a liquid particle in motion is equal to

Pressure head - (kinetic head + potential head)
Pressure head + kinetic head + potential head
Kinetic head - (pressure head + potential head)
Potential head - (pressure head + kinetic head)

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The discharge through a wholly drowned orifice is given by (where H1 = Height of water (on the upstream side) above the top of the orifice, H2 = Height of water (on the downstream side) above the bottom of the orifice, and H = Difference between two water levels on either side of the orifice)

Q = Cd × bH2 × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × b (H2 - H1) × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH₁ × √(2gh)

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