Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The flow ratio of Francis turbine is defined as the ratio of the

Velocity of flow at inlet to the theoretical jet velocity
Velocity of runner at inlet to the velocity of flow at inlet
None of these
Theoretical velocity of jet to the velocity of flow at inlet

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
In open channels, the specific energy is the

Total energy measured with respect to the datum passing through the bottom of the channel
Kinetic energy plotted above the free surface of water
Total energy per unit discharge
Total energy measured above the horizontal datum

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Two dimensional flows occurs when

The fluid particles move in plane or parallel planes and the streamline patterns are identical in each plane
The direction and magnitude of the velocity at all points are identical
The velocity of successive fluid particles, at any point, is the same at successive periods of time
The magnitude and direction of the velocity do not change from point to point in the fluid

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