Microbiology of Soils
A heterocyst is

the progenitor of cyanobacterial vegetative cells
a terminally differentiated cell that fixes nitrogen
a type of spore
a cell that carries out oxygenic photosynthesis

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Microbiology of Soils
Nitrogen fixation by the microorganisms can be detected by adopting the approach of

measuring15N2 by mass spectrometer
cultivating the microorganisms in the presence of nitrogen labeled with isotropic nitrogen
All of these
demonstrating growth in a nitrogen free medium

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Microbiology of Soils
Denitrification is

reduction of nitrate (NO3-) to nitrogen gas
reduction of nitrate to organic nitrogen compounds
changing of atmospheric nitrogen (N2) to nitrogen compounds
both (a) and (b)

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