Microbiology of Soils
Denitrification is

both (a) and (b)
changing of atmospheric nitrogen (N2) to nitrogen compounds
reduction of nitrate to organic nitrogen compounds
reduction of nitrate (NO3-) to nitrogen gas

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Microbiology of Soils
Nitrogen fixation

both (a) and (b)
especially changes nitrogen compounds, mostly amines such as NH2
fix the free nitrogen (N2) by which it should not be usable by plants
changes the free nitrogen (N2) to a form usable by plants

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Microbiology of Soils
Syntrophism involves

no exchange of nutrients between two species
exchange of nutrients among species
no exchange of nutrients among species
exchange of nutrients between two species

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