Cooling water fouling factors vary in the range of 0.001 to 0.003

Process Equipment and Plant Design
Cooling water fouling factors vary in the range of 0.001 to 0.003

(W/m².°K)⁻¹

(kcal/hr. m. °C)⁻¹

(kcal/hr.m² .°C)⁻¹

(BTU/hr.ft² . °F)⁻¹

(W/m².°K)⁻¹

(kcal/hr. m. °C)⁻¹

(kcal/hr.m² .°C)⁻¹

(BTU/hr.ft² . °F)⁻¹

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Mc Cable Thiele method used for finding theoretical stages in a distillation column assumes that the

Liquid/vapor loading across the column remains constant

Sensible heat differences are small, because the temperature changes from tray to tray is small

All of these

Trouton's rule is applicable

Liquid/vapor loading across the column remains constant

Sensible heat differences are small, because the temperature changes from tray to tray is small

All of these

Trouton's rule is applicable

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Le/D for 90° elbow (medium radius) and 90°square elbow would be respectively around

25 and 60

3 and 5

100 and 250

250 and 600

25 and 60

3 and 5

100 and 250

250 and 600

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Le/D for fully open gate valves would be

Much less (say 2% than that for fully open globe valves)

Around 7

Both B and C

Much more than that for fully open globe valves

Much less (say 2% than that for fully open globe valves)

Around 7

Both B and C

Much more than that for fully open globe valves

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Liquid gradient over a tray can be minimised by

Decreasing the number of rows of caps through which the liquid flows or by decreasing the velocity of liquid flow past the caps or by reducing the distance along the tray through which the liquid must

All of these

Providing a higher skirt clearance or a higher weir

Using split flow, radial flow or cascade flow for column diameter large than 4 ft

Decreasing the number of rows of caps through which the liquid flows or by decreasing the velocity of liquid flow past the caps or by reducing the distance along the tray through which the liquid must

All of these

Providing a higher skirt clearance or a higher weir

Using split flow, radial flow or cascade flow for column diameter large than 4 ft

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Normally, the plate thickness of the bottoms and roofs of vertically cylindrical storage vessels as compared to that of the cylindrical shell is

More or less depending upon the pressure & temperature inside the vessel and the nature of the fluid contained therein

More

Less

Same

More or less depending upon the pressure & temperature inside the vessel and the nature of the fluid contained therein

More

Less

Same

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Process Equipment and Plant Design

Process Equipment and Plant Design Cooling water fouling factors vary in the range of 0.001 to 0.003

Process Equipment and Plant Design Mc Cable Thiele method used for finding theoretical stages in a distillation column assumes that the

Process Equipment and Plant Design Le/D for 90° elbow (medium radius) and 90°square elbow would be respectively around

Process Equipment and Plant Design Le/D for fully open gate valves would be

Process Equipment and Plant Design Liquid gradient over a tray can be minimised by

Process Equipment and Plant Design Normally, the plate thickness of the bottoms and roofs of vertically cylindrical storage vessels as compared to that of the cylindrical shell is

Process Equipment and Plant Design
Cooling water fouling factors vary in the range of 0.001 to 0.003

Process Equipment and Plant Design
Mc Cable Thiele method used for finding theoretical stages in a distillation column assumes that the

Process Equipment and Plant Design
Le/D for 90° elbow (medium radius) and 90°square elbow would be respectively around

Process Equipment and Plant Design
Le/D for fully open gate valves would be

Process Equipment and Plant Design
Liquid gradient over a tray can be minimised by

Process Equipment and Plant Design
Normally, the plate thickness of the bottoms and roofs of vertically cylindrical storage vessels as compared to that of the cylindrical shell is