Chemical Process
Transparent soaps (e.g. Pears) are

Metallic soaps with frothing agent and free stearic acid to achieve transparency
None of these
Usually soft soap (made from coconut oil) in which cane sugar & alcohol are added and finally washed with methylated spirit to achieve transparency
Metallic soaps with frothing agent from which glycerine has not been recovered

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Chemical Process
Linde process of gas liquefaction employs

Adiabatic expansion against a piston or in a turbine
Exchange of heat with colder stream
Adiabatic expansion through a throttle valve (Joule-Thomson expansion)
Merely compressing the gas beyond its critical pressure

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