Chemical Process
Linde process of gas liquefaction employs

Adiabatic expansion against a piston or in a turbine
Merely compressing the gas beyond its critical pressure
Exchange of heat with colder stream
Adiabatic expansion through a throttle valve (Joule-Thomson expansion)

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Chemical Process
One of the steps during refining of cane sugar consists of addition of hydrated lime to the sugar syrup followed by carbonation of the resulting solution. The purpose of this step is to

Adjust the pH of the syrup
Reduce the viscosity of the syrup
Improve the rate of crystallisation of sugar
Remove the coloring matter from the syrup

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