Chemical Process
Claude process of gas liquefaction employs

Adiabatic expansion against a piston or in a turbine
Joule-Thomson expansion cooling
Merely compression of gas beyond its critical pressure
Heat exchange with colder stream

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Chemical Process
One of the steps during refining of cane sugar consists of addition of hydrated lime to the sugar syrup followed by carbonation of the resulting solution. The purpose of this step is to

Remove the coloring matter from the syrup
Reduce the viscosity of the syrup
Improve the rate of crystallisation of sugar
Adjust the pH of the syrup

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