Water, pH and Macromolecules
Buffer solutions

tend to maintain a relatively constant pH.
will always have a pH of 7
cause a decrease in pH when acids are added to them.
are rarely found in living systems

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Water, pH and Macromolecules
Salt dissolves well in water as water molecules

form hydrogen bonds with the positively and negatively charged ions
share electrons with the ions to make polar covalent bonds
make nonpolar covalent bonds with the positively charged ions only
surround the ions because of their charge but do not form hydrogen bonds

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Water, pH and Macromolecules
The main difference between an acid and a base is that

bases are polar molecules and acids are not
acids are polar molecules and bases are not
acids donate hydrogen ions in water while bases accept hydrogen ions
bases donate hydrogen ions in water while acids accept hydrogen ions

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