Water, pH and Macromolecules
The pH of a solution is determined by

concentration of salt
relative concentration of acids and bases
dielectric constant of the medium
environmental effect

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Water, pH and Macromolecules
The main difference between an acid and a base is that

bases donate hydrogen ions in water while acids accept hydrogen ions
acids are polar molecules and bases are not
bases are polar molecules and acids are not
acids donate hydrogen ions in water while bases accept hydrogen ions

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