Water, pH and Macromolecules
The pH of a solution is determined by

dielectric constant of the medium
environmental effect
concentration of salt
relative concentration of acids and bases

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Water, pH and Macromolecules
Salt dissolves well in water as water molecules

share electrons with the ions to make polar covalent bonds
surround the ions because of their charge but do not form hydrogen bonds
form hydrogen bonds with the positively and negatively charged ions
make nonpolar covalent bonds with the positively charged ions only

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Water, pH and Macromolecules
Hydrogen bonds and hydrophilic interactions are types of

strong chemical bonds that link together separate molecules
strong chemical bonds that hold together the atoms within a molecule
weak chemical bonds that link together separate molecules
weak chemical bonds that hold together the atoms within a molecule

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Water, pH and Macromolecules
Buffer solutions

tend to maintain a relatively constant pH.
will always have a pH of 7
cause a decrease in pH when acids are added to them.
are rarely found in living systems

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