Water, pH and Macromolecules
The main difference between an acid and a base is that

bases are polar molecules and acids are not
acids are polar molecules and bases are not
bases donate hydrogen ions in water while acids accept hydrogen ions
acids donate hydrogen ions in water while bases accept hydrogen ions

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Water, pH and Macromolecules
Which of the following statements about covalently bonded molecules is false?

Electrons are shared between the atoms that make up the molecule
The chemical bonds that hold the molecule together are relatively strong
Such molecules often result from the interaction of ionized atoms
Noncovalent bonds may also be present, especially if the molecule is large

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Water, pH and Macromolecules
Buffer solutions

are rarely found in living systems
tend to maintain a relatively constant pH.
will always have a pH of 7
cause a decrease in pH when acids are added to them.

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