Electrical Machines
The damper windings also called the squirrel cage windings or damper grids

  consists of short-circuited copper bars embedded in the field pole faces.
  both (A) and (B).
  are provided on the stator for improving power factor.
  are provided in a synchronous motor to make it self starting.

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Electrical Machines
In a star - delta starting of an IM

  line voltage is 57.7 % of stator voltage.
  applied voltage per stator phase is 57.7 % of a line volt
  reduced voltage is applied to the stator.
  resistance is inserted in the rotor.

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