Theory of Machine
An imaginary circle which by pure rolling action, gives the same motion as the actual gear, is called

Pitch circle
Addendum circle
Dedendum circle
Clearance circle

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Theory of Machine
The frictional torque transmitted in a flat collar bearing, considering uniform wear, is (where r₁ and r₂ = External and internal radii of collar respectively)

(1/2) μ W [(r₁³ - r₂³)/(r₁² - r₂²)]
(1/2) μ W (r₁ + r₂)
(2/3) μ W [(r₁³ - r₂³)/(r₁² - r₂²)]
(2/3) μ W (r₁ + r₂)

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Theory of Machine
In gears, interference takes place when

Pitch of the gears is not same
Gears do not move smoothly in the absence of lubrication
The tip of a tooth of a mating gear digs into the portion between base and root circles
Gear teeth are undercut

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