Electrical Machines
An ideal synchronous motor has no starting torque because

 rotor winding is highly reactive.
 rotor is made up of salient poles.
 relative velocity between the stator and rotor mmf’s is zero.
  relative velocity between stator and rotor mmf’s is not zero.

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Electrical Machines
Flashing the field of DC generator means

 increasing flux density by adding extra turns of winding.
  making the magnetic losses forces parallel.
  neutralising residual magnetism.
  creating residual magnetism by a DC source.

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