Electrical Machines
An ideal synchronous motor has no starting torque because

 rotor is made up of salient poles.
 rotor winding is highly reactive.
 relative velocity between the stator and rotor mmf’s is zero.
  relative velocity between stator and rotor mmf’s is not zero.

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Electrical Machines
In a DC machine

 current and emf in armature are alternating.
 current and emf at the terminals are alternating.
 emf in armature conductors and at the terminals is alternating.
 current and emf in armature are unidirectional

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