Electrical Machines
An ideal synchronous motor has no starting torque because

 rotor is made up of salient poles.
  relative velocity between stator and rotor mmf’s is not zero.
 rotor winding is highly reactive.
 relative velocity between the stator and rotor mmf’s is zero.

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Electrical Machines
Due to magnetic saturation, the flux per pole in a DC machine without brush shift

 increases in both the generators and the motors with load.
 increases in generators but decreases in motor with load.
  decreases in both generators and the motors with load.
 decreases in generators and increases in motor with load.

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