Electrical Machines
Sparkless commutation can be achieved by employing

  inter poles.
  high resistance carbon brushes.
 compensating winding.
  any one or more of the above methods.

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Electrical Machines
For a given torque, reducing diverter resistance of a DC series motor causes

 decrease in speed but armature current remains the same.
 increase in speed but armature currnet remains the same.
 decrease in speed demanding less armature current.
 increase in speed demanding more armature current.

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Electrical Machines
The results of a slip test for determining direct axis (Xd) and quadrature axis (Xq) reactances of a star connected salient pole alternator are given below Phase values: Vmax = 108 V ; Vmin = 96 V Imax = 12 A ; Imin = 10 A Hence the two reactances will be

 Xd = 8Ω and Xq = 10.8Ω
 Xd = 9.6Ω and Xq = 9Ω
 Xd = 9Ω and Xq = 9.6Ω
 Xd = 10.8Ω and Xq = 8Ω

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