Electrical Machines
Sparkless commutation can be achieved by employing

  high resistance carbon brushes.
 compensating winding.
  inter poles.
  any one or more of the above methods.

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Electrical Machines
Due to magnetic saturation, the flux per pole in a DC machine without brush shift

 decreases in generators and increases in motor with load.
 increases in both the generators and the motors with load.
 increases in generators but decreases in motor with load.
  decreases in both generators and the motors with load.

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