Machine Design
According to Indian standard specifications, plain carbon steel designated by 40C8 contains carbon

0.35 to 0.45%
0.20 to 0.40%
None of these
0.40 to 0.60%

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Machine Design
According to Rankine's theory, the failure occurs at a point in a member

When the maximum principal stress in a biaxial stress system reaches the elastic limit of the material in a simple tension test
When the maximum shear stress in a biaxial stress system reaches the shear stress at elastic limit in a simple tension test
When the strain energy per unit volume in a biaxial stress system reaches the strain energy at the elastic limit per unit volume as determined from a simple tension test
When the maximum principal strain in a biaxial stress system reaches the strain at the elastic limit as determined from a simple tension test

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