Machine Design
According to I.B.R., the efficiency of a double riveted butt joint with double cover straps of equal width should be

80 to 90%
63 to 70%
45 to 60%
70 to 83%

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Machine Design
The ends of the leaves of a semi-elliptical leaf spring are made triangular in order to

Permit each leaf to act as an overhanging beam
Have variable bending moment (M) in each leaf
Obtain variable moment of inertia (I) in each leaf
Make M/I constant throughout the length of the leaf

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