Theory of Machine
A spring controlled governor is said to be unstable when the controlling force

Remains constant for all radii of rotation
Increases as the radius of rotation increases
Decreases as the radius of rotation increases
Increases as the radius of rotation decreases

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Theory of Machine
The primary unbalanced force due to inertia of reciprocating parts in a reciprocating engine is given by (where m = Mass of reciprocating parts, ω = Angular speed of crank, r = Radius of crank, θ = Angle of inclination of crank with the line of stroke, and n = Ratio of the length of connecting rod to radius of crank)

m.ω².r (cos 2θ/n)
m.ω².r cosθ
m.ω².r (sin 2θ/n)
m.ω².r sinθ

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Theory of Machine
A rigid body, under the action of external forces, can be replaced by two masses placed at a fixed distance apart. The two masses form an equivalent dynamical system, if

All of these
The sum of mass moment of inertia of the masses about their center of gravity is equal to the mass moment of inertia of the body
The sum of the two masses is equal to the total mass of body
The center of gravity of the two masses coincides with that of the body

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