Theory of Machine
The swaying couple is maximum or minimum when the angle of inclination of the crank to the line of stroke (θ) is equal to

180° and 270°
270° and 360°
45° and 225°
90° and 180°

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Theory of Machine
Two heavy rotating masses are connected by shafts of lengths l₁, l₂ and l₃ and the corresponding diameters are d₁, d₂ and d₃. This system is reduced to a torsionally equivalent system having uniform diameter d = d₁ of the shaft. The equivalent length of the shaft is

l = l₁ + l₂.(d₁/d₂)⁴ + l₃.(d₁/d₃)⁴
(l₁ + l₂ + l₃)/3
l₁ + l₂ + l₃
l = l₁ + l₂.(d₁/d₂)³ + l₂.(d₁/d₃)³

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Theory of Machine
In a hydrodynamic journal bearing, there is

No lubricant between the journal and the bearing
A forced lubricant between the journal and the bearing
A thick film of lubricant between the journal and the bearing
A very thin film of lubricant between the journal and the bearing such that there is contact between the journal and the bearing

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