Electrical Machines
A self-excited shunt generator fails to build up, because 1. the field circuit is open 2. The armature circuit is open 3. the residual magnetism is absent 4. The direction of rotation is wrong From these, the correct answer is

 1, 3
 3 only
 1, 2, 3 and 4
 1, 2 and 3

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Electrical Machines
In speed control of DC Series motor, speed lower than the rated speed can be obtained by

 Connecting an additional resistance in the field circuit.
 Connecting an additional resistance in the armature circuit.
 Connecting an additional resistance in stator circuit.
 Any of the above.

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