Electrical Machines
A self-excited shunt generator fails to build up, because 1. the field circuit is open 2. The armature circuit is open 3. the residual magnetism is absent 4. The direction of rotation is wrong From these, the correct answer is

 1, 2 and 3
 1, 2, 3 and 4
 1, 3
 3 only

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Electrical Machines
Two dc machines A and B, using the same conductor material, have armature circuit resistances of 0.4 Ω and 1.2 Ω respectively. Of the two machines,

 B is bigger than A for the same current rating
 A is bigger than B for the same current rating
 both are of the same size for the same current rating
 A is bigger than B for the same voltage rating

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