Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
A reasonably general expression for vapour-liquid phase equilibrium at low to moderate pressure is Φi yi P = Yi xi fi° where, Φ is a vapor fugacity component, Yi is the liquid activity co-efficient and fi° is the fugacity of the pure component i. the Ki value (Yi = Ki xi) is therefore, in general a function of

Temperature, pressure and liquid composition xi only
Temperature and pressure only
Temperature, pressure, liquid composition xi and vapour composition yi
Temperature only

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Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
Free energy

Remains unchanged in reversible processes carried at constant temperature and pressure
All of these
Change during a spontaneous process has a negative value
Decreases in all spontaneous (or irreversible) processes

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Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
High pressure steam is expanded adiabati-cally and reversibly through a well insulated turbine, which produces some shaft work. If the enthalpy change and entropy change across the turbine are represented by ΔH and ΔS respectively for this process:

Δ H = 0 and ΔS = 0
Δ H ≠ 0 and ΔS ≠ 0
Δ H = 0 and ΔS ≠ 0
Δ H ≠ 0 and ΔS = 0

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