Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The discharge through a wholly drowned orifice is given by (where H1 = Height of water (on the upstream side) above the top of the orifice, H2 = Height of water (on the downstream side) above the bottom of the orifice, and H = Difference between two water levels on either side of the orifice)

Q = Cd × bH₁ × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × b (H2 - H1) × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH2 × √(2gh)

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Coefficient of contraction is the ratio of

Actual velocity of jet at vena contracta to the theoretical velocity
Area of jet at vena-contracta to the area of orifice
Loss of head in the orifice to the head of water available at the exit of the orifice
Loss of head in the orifice to the head of water available at the exit of the orifice

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