Workshop Technology
A jolt machine is used to

Ram the sand harder at the pattern face with decreasing hardness towards the back of the mould
Produce uniform packing of sand in the mould
Ram the sand harder at the back of the mould and softer on the pattern face
Produce uniform sand hardness throughout the mould

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Workshop Technology
The purpose of a gate is to

Delivers molten metal into the mould cavity
Act as a reservoir for the molten metal
Feed the molten metal to the casting in order to compensate for the shrinkage
Delivers molten metal from pouring basin to gate

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Workshop Technology
During hot working of metals

Grain structure of the metal is refined
All of the listed here
Porosity of the metal is largely eliminated
Mechanical properties are improved due to refinement of grains

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