Internal Combustion Engines
A hydraulic ram is a device used to

Increase the pressure of water
To lift water from deep wells
To lift small quantity of water to a greater height when a large quantity of water is available at a smaller height
Store the energy of water

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a four stroke cycle diesel engine, the inlet valve

Opens at top dead center and closes at bottom dead center
Opens at 20° before top dead center and closes at 40° after bottom dead center
Opens at 20° after top dead center and closes at 20° before bottom dead center
May open and close anywhere

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Internal Combustion Engines
Compression ratio of I.C. Engines is

Volume displaced by piston per stroke and clearance volume in cylinder
Swept volume/cylinder volume
Ratio of pressure after compression and before compression
The ratio of volumes of air in cylinder before compression stroke and after compression stroke

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