RCC Structures Design
A pre-stressed concrete member is preferred because

All listed here
Its dimensions are not decided from the diagonal tensile stress
Large size of long beams carrying large shear force need not be adopted
Removal of cracks in the members due to shrinkage

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RCC Structures Design
If the depth of actual neutral axis of a doubly reinforced beam

Is greater than the depth of critical neutral axis, the concrete attains its maximum stress earlier
Is equal to the depth of critical neutral axis; the concrete and steel attain their maximum stresses simultaneously
All listed here
Is less than the depth of critical neutral axis, the steel in the tensile zone attains its maximum stress earlier

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RCC Structures Design
If A is the area of the foundation of a retaining wall carrying a load W and retaining earth of weight 'w' per unit volume, the minimum depth (h) of the foundation from the free surface of the earth, is

h = (W/Aw) [(1 - sin φ)/(1 + sin φ)]
h = (W/Aw) [(1 - sin φ)/(1 + sin φ)]²
h = (W/Aw) [(1 + sin φ)/(1 + sin φ)]
h = √(W/Aw) [(1 - sin φ)/(1 + sin φ)]²

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