RCC Structures Design
If Ac, Asc and A are areas of concrete, longitudinal steel and section of a R.C.C. column and m and σc are the modular ratio and maximum stress in the configuration of concrete, the strength of column is

σc(A - Asc) + m σcAsc
σc[A + (m - 1)Asc]
All listed here
σcAc + m σcAsc

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RCC Structures Design
In a beam the local bond stress Sb, is equal to

Shear force/(Leaver arm × Total perimeter of reinforcement)
Leaver arm/(Shear force × Total perimeter of reinforcement)
Leaver arm/(Bending moment × Total perimeter of reinforcement)
Total perimeter of reinforcement/(Leaver arm × Shear force)

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