DC Motors
As there is no back e.m.f. at the instant of starting a D.C. motor, in order to prevent a heavy current from flowing though the armature circuit

A resistance is connected in series with armature
A resistance is connected parallel to the armature
A high value resistor is connected across the field winding
Armature is temporarily open circuited

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DC Motors
In a dc compound machine,

Series field winding plays dominant role
Both play equally dominant role
Either can play dominant role
Shunt field winding plays dominant role

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