Electrical Machines
A DC series motor drawing an armature current of Ia is operating under saturated magnetic conditions. The torque developed in the motor is proportional to

 Ia
 1/Ia
 I/Ia2
 Ia2

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Electrical Machines
In case of 3 - Φ IM, plugging means

  interchanging two supply phases for quick stopping.
  starting the motor on load which is more than the rated load.
  locking of rotor due to harmonics.
  pulling the motor directly on line without a rotor.

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Electrical Machines
In large sized DC machines the compensating windings are provided to

None of these
  neutralize voltage induced in coil due to fluctuation of l
 compensate for the decrease in speed due to increase of load.
 reduce eddy current losses by providing local short circuits.

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