Electrical Machines
In an alternator, voltage drops occurs in

  armature resistance only.
  armature resistance, leakage reactance and armature reaction.
  armature resistance and leakage reactance.
  armature resistance, leakage reactance, armature reaction and earth connection.

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Electrical Machines
In case of 3 - Φ IM, plugging means

  interchanging two supply phases for quick stopping.
  locking of rotor due to harmonics.
  starting the motor on load which is more than the rated load.
  pulling the motor directly on line without a rotor.

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