Electrical Machines
An ideal synchronous motor has no starting torque because

 rotor is made up of salient poles.
  relative velocity between stator and rotor mmf’s is not zero.
 rotor winding is highly reactive.
 relative velocity between the stator and rotor mmf’s is zero.

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Electrical Machines
No load primary current in a transformer

 lags behind applied voltage by exactly 90Â&am
 lags behind applied voltage somewhat less than 90Ã
 leads the applied voltage somewhat less than 90Ã&
 leads the applied voltage by exactly 90Â&

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