In the exclusive OR gate (XOR gate) has two inputs The ouput will be 1 when either input is 1 i.e X = 1 and Y = 1, but not when both the inputs are 1. If both the input is zero i.e X = 0 and Y = 0, then the output is 0.
The transformers which are particularly designed to provide electrical isolation between primary and secondary circuits, without a change in voltage and current level are called isolation transformers. The turns ratio of such isolation transformers is 1:1 i.e N1 and N2. Hence, isolation transformers are also called 1:1 transformers. The isolation transformer greatly reduces any voltage spikes that originate on the supply side before they are transferred to the load side. Some isolation transformers are built with a turns ratio of 1:1. A transformer of this type has the same input and output voltages and is used for the purpose of isolation only. The main function of the isolation transformer is to reduce the voltage spike before it reaches the load.
Phosphorus (P) has 15 electron i.e 2,8,5. Hence the number of electron in its outermost orbit is 5. Silicon (Si) has 14 electron i.e 2,8,4. Hence the number of electrons in its outermost orbit is 4.
Lap Winding:-In a lap winding the number of parallel paths (a) is always equal to the number of poles (p) and also to the number of brushes. In the given question number of poles is 4 hence the number of brushes will be 4. Wave Winding:- In wave windings, the number of parallel paths (a) is always two and there may be two or more brush positions.
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