Machine Design
A closely coiled helical spring is acted upon by an axial force. The maximum shear stress developed in the spring is τ. The half of the length of the spring if cut off and the remaining spring is acted upon by the same axial force. The maximum shear stress in the spring in new condition will be

τ/2
τ
2 τ
4 τ

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Machine Design
Cap screws are

Used to prevent relative motion between parts
Similar to small size tap bolts except that a greater variety of shapes of heads are available
Provided with detachable caps
Slotted for a screw driver and generally used with a nut

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