Machine Design
A bolt of M 24 × 2 means that

The pitch of the thread is 24 mm and depth is 2 mm
Cross-sectional area of the threads is 24 mm²
The nominal diameter of bolt is 24 mm and pitch is 2 mm
The effective diameter of bolt is 24 mm and there are 2 threads per cm

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Machine Design
The angle of twist of shaft is

Inversely proportional to (shaft diameter)²
Inversely proportional to (shaft diameter)⁴
Directly proportional to (shaft diameter)⁴
Directly proportional to (shaft diameter)²

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